Starting to explain new features in more detail.
A bullet list of single lines can be enough for most bug fixes,
but some of the big refactors like SSA or caching need some context.
First, teach scripts/gen-go-std-tables.sh to omit test packages,
since runtime/metrics_test would always result in an error.
Instead, make transformLinkname explicitly skip that package,
leaving a comment about a potential improvement if needed.
Second, the only remaining "not found" error we had was "maps" on 1.20,
so rewrite that check based on ImportPath and GoVersionSemver.
Third, detect packages with the "exclude all Go files" error
by looking at CompiledGoFiles and IgnoredGoFiles, which is less brittle.
This means that we are no longer doing any filtering on pkg.Error.Err,
which means we are less likely to break with Go error message changes.
Fourth, the check on pkg.Incomplete is now obsolete given the above,
meaning that the CompiledGoFiles length check is plenty.
Finally, stop trying to be clever about how we print errors.
Now that we're no longer skipping packages based on pkg.Error values,
printing pkg.DepsErrors was causing duplicate messages in the output.
Simply print pkg.Error values with only minimal tweaks:
including the position if there is any, and avoiding double newlines.
Overall, this makes our logic a lot less complicated,
and garble still works the way we want it to.
computeLinkerVariableStrinsg had an unusedargument.
Only skip obfuscating the name "FS" in the "embed" package.
The reflect methods no longer use the transformer receiver type,
so that TODO now feels unnecessary. Many methods need to be aware
of what the current types.Package is, and that seems reasonable.
We no longer use writeFileExclusive for our own cache on disk,
so the TODO about using locking or atomic writes is no longer relevant.
Our cache is now robust against different Go package build inputs
which result in exactly the same build outputs.
In the past, this caused Go's cache to be filled but not ours.
In the present, our cache is just as resilient as Go's is.
This means we now have a unified cache directory for garble,
which is now documented in the README.
I considered using the same hash-based cache used for pkgCache,
but decided against it since that cache implementation only stores
regular files without any executable bits set.
We could force the cache package to do what we want here,
but I'm leaning against it for now given that single files work OK.
Some users had been running into "cannot load cache entry" errors,
which could happen if garble's cache files in GOCACHE were removed
when Go's own cache files were not.
Now that we've moved to our own separate cache directory,
and that we've refactored the codebase to depend less on globals
and no longer assume that we're loading info for the current package,
we can now compute a pkgCache entry for a dependency if needed.
We add a pkgCache.CopyFrom method to be able to append map entries
from one pkgCache to another without needing an encoding/gob roundtrip.
We also add a parseFiles helper, since we now have three bits of code
which need to parse a list of Go files from disk.
Fixes#708.
loadPkgCache also uses different pkgCache variables
depending on whether it finds a direct cache hit or not.
Now we only initialize an entirely new pkgCache
with the first two ReflectAPIs entries when we get a direct cache miss,
since a direct cache hit will already load those from the cache.
It is true that each garble process only obfuscates up to one package,
which is why we made them globals to begin with.
However, garble does quite a lot more now,
such as reversing the obfuscation of many packages at once.
Having a global "current package" variable makes mistakes easier.
Some funcs, like those in transformFuncs, are now transformer methods.
We've been obfuscating all linknamed names for a while now,
so the part in the docs about "recording" is no longer true.
All it does is transform the directives to use obfuscated names.
Give it a better name and rewrite the docs.
The name and docs on that func were wildly out of date,
since it no longer has anything to do with reflection at all.
We only use the linkerVariableStrings map with -literals,
so we can avoid the call entirely if the flag isn't set.
Neither of them has anything to do with transforming Go code;
they simply load or compute the information necessary for doing so.
Split typecheck into two functions as well.
The new typecheck function only does typechecking and nothing else.
A new comptueFieldToStruct func fills the fieldToStruct map,
which depends on typecheck, but is not needed when computing pkgCache.
This isolation also forces us to separate the code that fills pkgCache
from the code that fills the in-memory-only maps in transformer,
removing the need for the NOTE that we had left around as a reminder.
That is, stop reusing "transformer" as the receiver on methods,
and stop writing the results to the global curPkgCache struct.
Soon we will need to support computing pkgCache for any dependency,
not just the current package, to make the caching properly robust.
This allows us to fill reflectInspector with different values.
The explicit isolation also helps prevent bugs.
For instance, we were calling recursivelyRecordAsNotObfuscated from
transformCompile, which happens after we have loaded or saved pkgCache.
Meaning, the current package sees a larger pkgCache than its dependents.
In this particular case it wasn't causing any bugs,
since the two reflect types in question only had unexported fields,
but it's still good to treat pkgCache as read-only in transformCompile.
To properly make our cache robust, we'll need to be able to compute
cache entries for dependencies as needed if they are missing.
So we'll need to create more of these struct values in the code.
Rename cachedOutput to curPkgCache, to clarify that it relates
to the current package.
While here, remove the "known" prefix on all pkgCache fields.
All of the names still make perfect sense without it.
Packages like os and sync have started using go:linknames pointing to
packages outside their dependency tree, much like runtime already did.
This started causing warnings to be printed while obfuscsating std:
> exec garble build -o=out_rebuild ./stdimporter
[stderr]
# sync
//go:linkname refers to syscall.hasWaitingReaders - add `import _ "syscall"` for garble to find the package
# os
//go:linkname refers to net.newUnixFile - add `import _ "net"` for garble to find the package
> bincmp out_rebuild out
PASS
Relax the restriction in listPackage so that any package in std
is now allowed to list packages in runtimeLinknamed,
which makes the warnings and any potential problems go away.
Also make these std test cases check that no warnings are printed,
since I only happened to notice this problem by chance.
Per the TODOs that I left myself in the last commit.
As expected, this change allows tidying up the code a bit,
makes our use of caching a bit more consistent,
and also allows us to load the current package from the cache.
For each Go package we obfuscate, we need to store information about
how we obfuscated it, which is needed when obfuscating its dependents.
For example, if A depends on B to use the type B.Foo, A needs to know
whether or not B.Foo was obfuscated; it depends on B's use of reflect.
We record this information in a gob file, which is cached on disk.
To avoid rolling our own custom cache, and since garble is so closely
connected with cmd/go already, we piggybacked off of Go's GOCACHE.
In particular, for each build cache entry per `go list`'s Export field,
we would store a "garble" sibling file with that gob content.
However, this was brittle for two reasons:
1) We were doing this without cmd/go's permission or knowledge.
We were careful to use filename suffixes similar to Export files,
meaning that `go clean` and other commands would treat them the same.
However, this could confuse cmd/go at any point in the future.
2) cmd/go trims cache entries in GOCACHE regularly, to keep the size of
the build and test caches under control. Right now, this means that
every 24h, any file not accessed in the last five days is deleted.
However, that trimming heuristic is done per-file.
If the trimming removed Garble's sibling file but not the original
Export file, this could cause errors such as
"cannot load garble export file" which users already ran into.
Instead, start using github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal/cache,
an exported copy of cmd/go's own cache implementation for GOCACHE.
Since we need an entirely separate directory, we introduce GARBLE_CACHE,
defaulting to the "garble" directory inside the user's cache directory.
For example, on Linux this would be ~/.cache/garble.
Inside GARBLE_CACHE, our gob file cache will be under "build",
which helps clarify that this cache is used when obfuscating Go builds,
and allows placing other kinds of caches inside GARBLE_CACHE.
For example, we already have a need for storing linker binaries,
which for now still use their own caching mechanism.
This commit does not make our cache properly resistant to removed files.
The proof is that our seed.txtar testscript still fails the second case.
However, we do rewrite all of our caching logic away from Export files,
which in itself is a considerable refactor, and we add a few TODOs.
One notable change is how we load gob files from dependencies
when building the cache entry for the current package.
We used to load the gob files from all packages in the Deps field.
However, that is the list of all _transitive_ dependencies.
Since these gob files are already flat, meaning they contain information
about all of their transitive dependencies as well, we need only load
the gob files from the direct dependencies, the Imports field.
Performance is largely unchanged, since the behavior is similar.
However, the change from Deps to Imports saves us some work,
which can be seen in the reduced mallocs per obfuscated build.
It's unclear why the binary size isn't stable.
When reverting the Deps to Imports change, it then settles at 5.386Mi,
which is almost exactly in between the two measurements below.
I'm not sure why, but that metric appears to be slightly unstable.
goos: linux
goarch: amd64
pkg: mvdan.cc/garble
cpu: AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
│ old │ new │
│ sec/op │ sec/op vs base │
Build-8 11.09 ± 1% 11.08 ± 1% ~ (p=0.796 n=10)
│ old │ new │
│ bin-B │ bin-B vs base │
Build-8 5.390Mi ± 0% 5.382Mi ± 0% -0.14% (p=0.000 n=10)
│ old │ new │
│ cached-sec/op │ cached-sec/op vs base │
Build-8 415.5m ± 4% 421.6m ± 1% ~ (p=0.190 n=10)
│ old │ new │
│ mallocs/op │ mallocs/op vs base │
Build-8 35.43M ± 0% 34.05M ± 0% -3.89% (p=0.000 n=10)
│ old │ new │
│ sys-sec/op │ sys-sec/op vs base │
Build-8 5.662 ± 1% 5.701 ± 2% ~ (p=0.280 n=10)
This is in preparation for the switch to Go's cache package,
whose ActionID type is also a full sha256 hash with 32 bytes.
We were using "short" hashes as shown by `go tool buildid`,
since that was consistent and 15 bytes was generally enough.
And bump go-internal to its latest version, to include its fix
for those pesky "signal: killed" failures on macos.
While here, run the tests with -short on GOARCH=386,
and make our use of actions/setup-go a bit more consistent.
First, rename "component" to "hash", since it's shorter and more useful.
A full build ID is two or four hashes joined with slashes.
Second, add sanity checks that buildIDHashLength is being followed.
Otherwise the use of []byte could lead to human error.
Third, move all the hash encoding and decoding logic together.
We first called the typecheck method, which starts filling cachedOutput
with information from the current package, and later we would load the
gob files for all dependencies via loadCachedOutputs.
This was a bit confusing; instead, load the cached gob files first,
and then do all the operations which fill information for curPkg.
Similarly, we were waiting until the very end of transformCompile to
write curPkg's cachedOutput gob file to the disk cache.
We can write the file at an earlier point, before we have obfuscated and
re-printed all Go files for the current package.
We can also write the file before other work like processImportCfg.
None of these changes should affect garble's behavior,
but they will make the cache redesign for #708 easier.
To inevstigate #721, I wrote this fuzzer to see if any particular
combination of string literals and literal obfuscators would result
in a broken program.
I didn't find anything, but I reckon this fuzzer can still be useful.
Go 1.21 already breaks one of the three patches.
The complexity of the patches will likely increase,
and we only ever need to actively maintain the highest set of patches,
so splitting by major version feels natural.
See the added comment and test, which failed before the fix when
the encoded certificate was decoded.
It took a while to find the culprit in asn1, but in hindsight it's easy:
case reflect.Slice:
if t.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 {
return false, TagOctetString, false, true
}
if strings.HasSuffix(t.Name(), "SET") {
return false, TagSet, true, true
}
return false, TagSequence, true, true
Fixes#711.
See the added comment.
An alternative would be to split up the work into more jobs,
but that doesn't feel necessary, and we still have a global limit
on how many free runners we can run jobs on at once.
While here, update the comments, and remove unnecessary step names.
It's perfectly fine for bench_literals.go to be a main package itself,
but the scripts directory doesn't need to be a Go package
This was bothering me at times; for example, "go list ./..." would
show the scripts directory, or "go install mvdan.cc/garble/..." would
build and install a "scripts" binary as well.
The file can still be built or run directly, like either of:
go build bench_literals.go
go run bench_literals.go
The first makes our test scripts more consistent, as all external
program executions happen via "exec" and are not as easily confused
with custom builtin commands like our "generate-literals".
The second catches mistakes if any of our txtar files have duplicate
files, where all but one of the contents would be ignored before.
A couple of new packages in runtimeAndDeps,
and go list's Package.DepsErrors may now include package build errors
which we want to ignore as we would print those as duplicates.
Changes literal obfuscation such that literals of any size will be obfuscated,
but beyond `maxSize` we only use the `simple` obfuscator.
This one seems to apply AND, OR, or XOR operators byte-wise and should be safe to use,
unlike some of the other obfuscators which are quadratic on the literal size or worse.
The test for literals is changed a bit to verify that obfuscation is applied.
The code written to the `extra_literals.go` file by the test helper now ensures
that Go does not optimize the literals away when we build the binary.
We also append a unique string to all literals so that we can test that
an unobfuscated build contains this string while an obfuscated build does not.
printOneCgoTraceback now returns a boolean rather than an int.
Since we need to have different logic based on the Go version,
and toolchainVersionSemver was only set for the main process,
move the string to the shared cache global.
This is a nice thing to do anyway, to reduce the number of globals.
While here, update actions/setup-go to v4, which starts caching
GOMODCACHE and GOCACHE by default now.
Disable it, because it still doesn't help in our case,
and GitHub's Actions caching is still really inefficient.
And update staticcheck too.
The seedFlag.random field had never worked,
as my refactor in December 2021 never set it to true.
Even if the boolean was working, we only printed the random seed
when we failed. It's still useful to see it when a build succeeds,
for example when wanting to reproduce the same binary
or when wanting to reverse a panic from the produced binary.
Add a test this time.
Fixes#696.
Similar to what testscript does, we can reuse the test binary by telling
TestMain to run the main function rather than the Go tests.
This saves a few hundred milliseconds out of each benchmark run.
https://go.dev/cl/466095 lightly refactored the runtime
in a way that broke extractNameOff. In particular, the code
func cfuncname(f funcInfo) *byte {
if !f.valid() || f.nameOff == 0 {
return nil
}
return &f.datap.funcnametab[f.nameOff]
}
func funcname(f funcInfo) string {
return gostringnocopy(cfuncname(f))
}
is now simply
func funcname(f funcInfo) string {
if !f.valid() {
return ""
}
return f.datap.funcName(f.nameOff)
}
Since extractNameOff looked for the func named cfuncname,
and looked for the nameOff selector inside an index expression,
all of that code no longer worked properly.
It all existed to find the name of the field, nameOff,
so that we would automatically adapt if upstream renames it.
Unsurprisingly, the code using the field got refactored first.
It doesn't seem like the extra code on our part is helping us,
and assuming the name of the field works for all Go versions,
so do that instead.
If upstream does rename the field in the future,
the obfuscated Go builds will start failing in an obvious way.
If or when that comes to pass, we can change our constant string.
Added in Go 1.19, types like sync/atomic.Uint64 are handy,
because they ensure proper alignment even on 32-bit GOOSes.
However, this was done via a magic `type align64 struct{}`,
which the compiler spotted by name.
To keep that magic working, do not obfuscate the name.
Neither package path was being obfuscated,
as both packages contain compiler intrinsics already.
Fixes#686.
Daniel Martí
lu4p
Dominic Breuker