Obfuscating newName arguments of linkname directives
with dots in the importpath didn't work before.
We had a test which covers this,
but the corresponding package wasn't actually obfuscated.
Also update linkname directives of public packages,
to allow the package where something is linknamed to to be
obfuscated regardless.
Public packages can now depend on private packages.
We can now use pruned module graphs in go.mod files,
and we no longer need to worry about runtime/internal/sys.
Note that I had to update testdata/mod slightly,
as the new pruned module graphs algorithm downloads an extra go.mod file.
This change also paves the way towards future Go 1.18 support.
Thanks to lu4p for cleaning up two TODOs as well.
Co-Authored-By: lu4p <lu4p@pm.me>
The "reverse" command had many levels of optional arguments:
garble [garble flags] reverse [build flags] [package] [files]
This was pretty confusing,
and could easily lead to people running the command incorrectly:
# note that output.txt isn't a Go package!
garble reverse output.txt
Moreover, it made the handling of Go build flags pretty confusing.
Should the command below work?
garble reverse -tags=mytag
It also made it easy to not notice that one must supply the main package
to properly reverse some text that it produced, like a panic message.
With the package path being implicit,
one could mistakenly provide the wrong package by running garble
in a directory containing a different package.
See #394.
After the last commit, I started seeing seemingly random test failures:
--- FAIL: TestScripts/cgo (1.17s)
testscript.go:397:
> env GOPRIVATE=test/main
> garble build
[stderr]
# runtime/internal/math
EOF
# internal/bytealg
EOF
exit status 2
[exit status 1]
FAIL: testdata/scripts/cgo.txt:3: unexpected command failure
--- FAIL: TestScripts/reflect (8.63s)
testscript.go:397:
> env GOPRIVATE=test/main
> garble build
[stderr]
# math
EOF
exit status 2
[exit status 1]
FAIL: testdata/scripts/reflect.txt:3: unexpected command failure
--- FAIL: TestScripts/linkname (8.72s)
testscript.go:397:
> env GOPRIVATE=test/main
> garble build
[stderr]
# math
EOF
exit status 2
[exit status 1]
FAIL: testdata/scripts/linkname.txt:3: unexpected command failure
After some investigation,
it turned out that concurrent "garble build" processes
were writing to the same build cache paths at the same time.
This is effectively a filesystem race,
and encoding/gob could error when reading partly written files.
To fix this problem,
use a cache path that changes according to the obfuscated build.
See garbleExportFile.
Note that the data we store in that file does not vary with obfuscation.
We could fix the filesystem race by adding locking around the old path.
However, we'll want to cache data that does vary with garble flags,
such as the -debugdir source code.
Functions which use reflection on one of their parameters are,
now added to knownReflectAPIs automatically.
This makes most explicit hints for reflection redundant.
Simple protobuf code now works correctly when obfuscated.
Fixes#162Fixes#373
Before, we would just notice direct calls to reflect's TypeOf and
ValueOf. Any other uses of reflection, such as encoding/json or
google.golang.org/protobuf, would require hints as documented by the
README.
Issue #162 outlines some ways we could fix this issue in a general way,
automatically detecting what functions use reflection on their parameters,
even for third party API funcs.
However, that goal is pretty significant in terms of code and effort.
As a temporary improvement, we can expand the list of "known" reflection
APIs via a static table.
Since this table is keyed by "func full name" strings, we could
potentially include third party APIs, such as:
google.golang.org/protobuf/proto.Marshal
However, for now simply include all the std APIs we know about.
If we fail to do the proper fix for automatic detection in the future,
we can then fall back to expanding this global table for third parties.
Update the README's docs, to clarify that the hint is not always
necessary anymore.
Also update the reflect.txt test to stop using the hint for encoding/json,
and to also start testing text/template with a method call.
While at it, I noticed that we weren't testing the println outputs,
as they'd go to stderr - fix that too.
Updates #162.
Go 1.16 just added one flag, -overlay, as documented in
https://golang.org/doc/go1.16#go-command.
We forgot to update these tables for 1.16, though it probably doesn't
matter as this flag is pretty much only used by gopls.
Otherwise, the added test case would fail, as we don't modify the C code
and so there would be a name mismatch.
In the far future we might start modifying Go names in C code,
similar to what we did for Go assembly,
but right now that seems out of scope and too complex.
An easier fix is to simply record those (hopefully few) names in ignoreObjects.
While at it, recordReflectArgs started to really outgrow its name, as it
also collected expressions used as constants for literal obfuscation.
Give it a better name.
Fixes#366.
I spent a couple of days trying to obfuscate all of std.
Ultimately I failed at making it fully work,
especially when it comes to the runtime package,
but I did fix a few problems along the way, as seen here.
First, fix the TODO to allow handleDirectives and transformGo to run on
runtime packages as well, if they are considered private. Note that this
is never true right now, but it matters once we remove runtimeRelated.
Second, modify parsedebugvars in a way that doesn't break typechecking.
We can remove AST nodes or even modify them in simple ways,
but if we add new AST nodes after typechecking,
those will lack type information.
We were replacing the entire body, running into that problem.
Instead, carefully cut the body to set some defaults,
but remove everything from the point GODEBUG is read.
Finally, add commented-out debug prints of transformed asm files.
For #193.
Back in early April we added initial support for Go 1.17,
working on a commit from master at that time. For that to work, we just
needed to add a couple of packages to runtimeRelated and tweak printFile
a bit to not break the new "//go:build" directives.
A significant amount of changes have landed since, though, and the tests
broke in multiple ways.
Most notably, the new register ABI is enabled by default for GOOS=amd64.
That affected garble indirectly in two ways: there's a new internal
package to add to runtimeRelated, and we must make reverse.txt more
clever in making its output constant across ABIs.
Another noticeable change is that Go 1.17 changes how its own version is
injected into the runtime package. It used to be via a constant in
runtime/internal/sys, such as:
const TheVersion = `devel ...`
Since we couldn't override such constants via the linker's -X flag,
we had to directly alter the declaration while compiling.
Thankfully, Go 1.17 simply uses a "var buildVersion string" in the
runtime package, and its value is injected by the linker.
This means we can now override it with the linker's -X flag.
We make the code to alter TheVersion for Go 1.16 a bit more clever,
to not break the package when building with Go 1.17.
Finally, our hack to work around ambiguous TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH values
now only kicks in for non-test packages, since Go 1.17 includes our
upstream fix. Otherwise, some tests would end up with the ".test"
variant suffix added a second time:
test/bar [test/bar.test] [test/bar [test/bar.test].test]
All the code to keep compatibility with Go 1.16.x remains in place.
We're still leaving TODOs to remind ourselves to remove it or simplify
it once we remove support for 1.16.x.
The 1.17 development freeze has already been in place for a month,
and beta1 is due to come this week, so it's unlikely that Go will change
in any considerable way at this point. Hence, we can say that support
for 1.17 is done.
Fixes#347.
Our recent work in fieldToAlias worked well when the embedded field
declaration (using an alias) was in the same package as the use of that
field. We would have the *ast.Ident for the field declaration, so
types.Info.Uses would give us the TypeName for the alias.
Unfortunately, if the declaration was in a dependency package, we did
not have that same *ast.Ident, as we weren't parsing the source code for
dependencies for type-checking. This resulted in us incorrectly
obfuscating the use of such an embedded field:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
JtzmzxWf.go:4: unknown field 'ExternalForeignAlias' in struct literal of type _BdSNiEL.Vcs_smer
To fix this, look through the direct imports of the package defining the
field to find an alias under the exact same name. Not a foolproof
solution, as there's a TODO, but it should work for most cases.
Fixes the obfuscation of google.golang.org/grpc/internal/status, too.
Updates #349.
The added test case, which is obfuscating and linking os/user, would fail
before this fix:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
/usr/lib/go/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link: running gcc failed: exit status 1
/usr/bin/ld: $WORK/.tmp/go-link-073246656/go.o: in function `Chz0Yfs2._cgo_cmalloc':
go.go:(.text+0x993cc): undefined reference to `Chz0Yfs2.runtime_throw'
/usr/bin/ld: $WORK/.tmp/go-link-073246656/go.o: in function `Chz0Yfs2.tDfhQ8uK':
go.go:(.text+0x99801): undefined reference to `Chz0Yfs2._cgo_runtime_gostring'
/usr/bin/ld: go.go:(.text+0x9982a): undefined reference to `Chz0Yfs2._cgo_runtime_gostring'
/usr/bin/ld: go.go:(.text+0x99853): undefined reference to `Chz0Yfs2._cgo_runtime_gostring'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
The reason is that we would alter the linkname directives of cgo-generated
code, but we would not obfuscate the code itself at all.
The generated code would end up being transformed into:
//go:linkname zh_oKZIy runtime.throw
func runtime_throw(string)
One can clearly see the error there; handleDirectives obfuscated the
local linkname name, but since transformGo didn't run, the actual Go
declaration was not obfuscated in the same way. Thus, the linker fails
to find a function body for runtime_throw, and fails.
The solution is simple: handleDirectives assumes that it's running on
code being obfuscated, so only run it when transformGo is running.
We can also remove the cgo skip check in handleDirectives, as it never
runs on cgo-generated code now.
Fixes a number of build errors that have been noticed since
907aebd770.
When such an alias name was used to define an embedded field, we handled
that case gracefully via the code using:
tf.info.Uses[node].(*types.TypeName)
Unfortunately, when the same field name was used elsewhere, such as a
composite literal, tf.Info.Uses gave us a *types.Var, not a
*types.TypeName, meaning we could no longer tell if this was an alias,
or what it pointed to.
Thus, we failed to obfuscate the name properly in the added test case:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main/sub
xxWZf66u.go:36: unknown field 'foreignAlias' in struct literal of type smhWelwn
It doesn't seem like any of the go/types APIs allows us to obtain the
*types.TypeName directly in this scenario. Thus, use a trick that we
used before: after typechecking, but before obfuscating, record all
embedded struct field *types.Var which are aliases via a map, where the
value holds the *types.TypeName for the alias.
Updates #349.
We already added support for "//go:embed" with string and []byte,
by not obfuscating the "embed" import path.
However, embed.FS was still failing:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
:13: go:embed cannot apply to var of type embed.WtKNvwbN
The compiler detects the type by matching its name to exactly "embed.FS",
so don't obfuscate the name "FS" either.
While at it, ensure that the embed code behaves the same with "go build".
Updates #349.
Before, "garble build -h" would print the same as "garble -h", which is
too much and confusing, as it doesn't tell us much about "build".
Now it's far better, and includes the output of "go build -h":
$ garble build -h
usage: garble [garble flags] build [arguments]
This command wraps "go build". Below is its help:
usage: go build [-o output] [build flags] [packages]
Run 'go help build' for details.
We do the same for "garble reverse -h", since it doesn't wrap a Go tool
command.
Remove some asthelper APIs that haven't been used for some time.
They can be recovered from the git history if needed again.
One type assertion in the literals package is always true.
Embedded field objects are handled near the top of transformGo, so the
extra !obj.Embedded() check was always true. Remove it.
We always obfuscate standalone funcs now, so the obfuscatedTypesPackage
check is no longer necessary. This was necessary when we used to not
obfuscate func names when they were used in linkname directives.
The workaround for test package imports in obfuscatedTypesPackage I had
to add a few commits ago no longer seems to be necessary. This might be
thanks to the simplification with functions in the paragraph just above.
It's impossible to run garble without -trimpath nowadays, as we error
before the build even starts:
$ go build -toolexec=garble
go tool compile: exit status 1
cannot open shared file, this is most likely due to not running "garble [command]"
When run as "garble build", the trimpath flag is always set. So the
check in alterTrimpath never triggers anymore, and couldn't be tested.
Finally, simplify the handling of comment syntax in printFile, and add a
few TODOs for other code paths not covered by our existing tests.
Total code coverage is up from 90.3% to 91.0%.
Before this change, we would try to never obfuscate alias names. That
was far from ideal, as they can end up in field names via anonymous
fields.
Even then, we would sometimes still fail to build, because we would
inconsistently obfuscate alias names. For example, in the added test
case:
--- FAIL: TestScripts/syntax (0.23s)
testscript.go:397:
> env GOPRIVATE='test/main,private.source'
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main/sub
Lv_a8gRD.go:15: undefined: KCvSpxmQ
To fix this problem, we set obj to be the TypeName corresponding to the
alias when it is used as an embedded field. We can then make the right
choice when obfuscating the name.
Right now, all aliases will be obfuscated. A TODO exists about not
obfuscating alias names when they're used as embedded fields in a struct
type in the same package, and that package is used for reflection -
since then, the alias name ends up as the field name.
With these changes, the protobuf module now builds.
obfuscatedTypesPackage is used to figure out if a name in a dependency
package was obfuscated or not. For example, if that package used
reflection on a named type, it wasn't obfuscated, so we must have the
same information to not obfuscate the same name downstream.
obfuscatedTypesPackage could return nil if the package was indirectly
imported, though. This can happen if a direct import has a function that
returns an indirect type, or if a direct import exposes a name that's a
type alias to an indirect type.
We sort of dealt with this in two pieces of code by checking for
obfPkg!=nil, but a third one did not have this check and caused a panic
in the added test case:
--- FAIL: TestScripts/reflect (0.81s)
testscript.go:397:
> env GOPRIVATE=test/main
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [recovered]
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
[signal SIGSEGV: segmentation violation code=0x1 addr=0x20 pc=0x8a5e39]
More importantly though, the nil check only avoids panics. It doesn't
fix the root cause of the problem: that importcfg does not contain
indirectly imported packages. The added test case would still fail, as
we would obfuscate a type in the main package, but not in the indirectly
imported package where the type is defined.
To fix this, resurrect a bit of code from earlier garble versions, which
uses "go list -toolexec=garble" to fetch a package's export file. This
lets us fill the indirect import gaps in importcfg, working around the
problem entirely.
This solution is still not particularly great, so we add a TODO about
possibly rethinking this in the future. It does add some overhead and
complexity, though thankfully indirect imports should be uncommon.
This fixes a few panics while building the protobuf module.
Our allPkgs boolean logic was wrong, because it could still lead to
garble obfuscating a type when used in the main package, but not in its
defining package. The added test case shows such a case.
To fix that, use a package path to only record the named objects from
the target package, which is a narrower operation without this problem,
but still makes all our tests pass.
This makes the google.golang.org/protobuf/internal/filetype package
start building.
If a package A imports package B, and uses reflect.TypeOf on an unnamed
struct type B.T (such as an alias), we don't want to record B.T's fields
as "do not obfuscate". This is for the same reason that we don't if B.T
is a named struct type: the detection only works for the package
defining the type, as otherwise it's inconsistent.
We failed to handle this case well, because we assumed all struct types
would be under some named type. This is not the case for type aliases.
Fortunately, struct fields are named, and as such they are objects.
Check their package too, just like we do for named types.
Fixes another build error when obfuscating the protobuf module.
We add a simplified version of the example above as a test case,
which originated from debugging the protobuf build failure.
We were using temporary filenames for modified Go and assembly files.
For example, an obfuscated "encoding/json/encode.go" would end up as:
/tmp/garble-shared123/encode.go.456.go
where "123" and "456" are random numbers, usually longer.
This was usually fine for two reasons:
1) We would add "/tmp/garble-shared123/" to -trimpath, so the temporary
directory and its random number would be invisible.
2) We would add "//line" directives to the source files, replacing
the filename with obfuscated versions excluding any random number.
Unfortunately, this broke in multiple ways. Most notably, assembly files
do not have any line directives, and it's not clear that there's any
support for them. So the random number in their basename could end up in
the binary, breaking reproducibility.
Another issue is that the -trimpath addition described above was only
done for cmd/compile, not cmd/asm, so assembly filenames included the
randomized temporary directory.
To fix the issues above, the same "encoding/json/encode.go" would now
end up as:
/tmp/garble-shared123/encoding/json/encode.go
Such a path is still unique even though the "456" random number is gone,
as import paths are unique within a single build.
This fixes issues with the base name of each file, so we no longer rely
on line directives as the only way to remove the second original random
number.
We still rely on -trimpath to get rid of the temporary directory in
filenames. To fix its problem with assembly files, also amend the
-trimpath flag when running the assembler tool.
Finally, add a test that reproducible builds still work when a full
rebuild is done. We choose goprivate.txt for such a test as its
stdimporter package imports a number of std packages, including uses of
assembly and cgo.
For the time being, we don't use such a "full rebuild" reproducibility
test in other test scripts, as this step is expensive, rebuilding many
packages from scratch.
This issue went unnoticed for over a year because such random numbers
"123" and "456" were created when a package was obfuscated, and that
only happened once per package version as long as the build cache was
kept intact.
When clearing the build cache, or forcing a rebuild with -a, one gets
new random numbers, and thus a different binary resulting from the same
build input. That's not something that most users would do regularly,
and our tests did not cover that edge case either, until now.
Fixes#328.
Packages P1 and P2 can define identical struct types T1 and T2, and one
can convert from type T1 to T2 or vice versa.
The spec defines two identical struct types as:
Two struct types are identical if they have the same sequence of
fields, and if corresponding fields have the same names, and
identical types, and identical tags. Non-exported field names
from different packages are always different.
Unfortunately, garble broke this: since we obfuscated field names
differently depending on the package, cross-package conversions like the
case above would result in typechecking errors.
To fix this, implement Joe Tsai's idea: hash struct field names with the
string representation of the entire struct. This way, identical struct
types will have their field names obfuscated in the same way in all
packages across a build.
Note that we had to refactor "reverse" a bit to start using transformer,
since now it needs to keep track of struct types as well.
This failure was affecting the build of google.golang.org/protobuf,
since it makes regular use of cross-package struct conversions.
Note that the protobuf module still fails to build, but for other
reasons. The package that used to fail now succeeds, so the build gets a
bit further than before. #240 tracks adding relevant third-party Go
modules to CI, so we'll track the other remaining failures there.
Fixes#310.
Previously, the local name part of linkname directives were never
obfuscated. Now that we can obfuscate function names in Go assembly,
that limitation is required no longer.
Fixes#309
Obfuscating some std packages for windows/arm triggered a bug; when
encountering a call to runtime·memmove, we'd hash "memmove" with the
current package's action ID.
This is wrong on two levels: First, we aren't obfuscating the runtime
package yet. And second, if we did, we would have to hash the symbol
appropriately, with that package's action ID.
For now, only hashing the local names does the trick. That's all that
the code currently supports, anyway.
Our previous logic only took care of fairly simple types, such as a
simple struct or a pointer to a struct. If we had a struct embedding
another struct, we'd fail to record the objects for the fields in the
inner struct, and that would lead to miscompilation:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
LZmt64Nm.go:7: outer.InnerField undefined (type *CcUt1wkQ.EmbeddingOuter has no field or method InnerField)
To fix this issue, make the function that records all objects under a
types.Type smarter. Since it now does more than just dealing with
structs, it's also renamed.
Since the function now walks types properly, we get to remove the extra
ast.Inspect in recordReflectArgs, which is nice.
We also make it a method, to avoid the map parameter. A boolean
parameter is also added, since we need this feature to only look at the
current package when looking at reflect calls.
Finally, we add a test case, a simplified version of the original bug
report.
Fixes#315.
The docs for go/importer.ForCompiler say:
The lookup function is called each time the resulting importer
needs to resolve an import path. In this mode the importer can
only be invoked with canonical import paths (not relative or
absolute ones); it is assumed that the translation to canonical
import paths is being done by the client of the importer.
We use a lookup func for two reasons: first, to support modules, and
second, to be able to use our information from "go list -json -export".
However, go/types does not canonicalize import paths before calling
ImportFrom. This is somewhat understandable; it doesn't know whether an
importer was created with a lookup func, and ImportFrom only requires
the input path to be canonicalized in that scenario. When the lookup
func is nil, the importer canonicalizes by itself via go/build.Import.
Before this change, the added crossbuild test would fail:
> garble build net/http
[stderr]
# vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20
typecheck error: /usr/lib/go/src/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/chacha20/chacha_generic.go:10:2: could not import crypto/cipher (can't find import: "crypto/cipher")
# vendor/golang.org/x/text/secure/bidirule
typecheck error: /usr/lib/go/src/vendor/golang.org/x/text/secure/bidirule/bidirule.go:12:2: could not import errors (can't find import: "errors")
# vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte
typecheck error: /usr/lib/go/src/vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte/asn1.go:8:16: could not import encoding/asn1 (can't find import: "encoding/asn1")
# vendor/golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm
typecheck error: /usr/lib/go/src/vendor/golang.org/x/text/unicode/norm/composition.go:7:8: could not import unicode/utf8 (can't find import: "unicode/utf8")
This is because we'd fall back to importer.Default, which only knows how
to find packages in $GOROOT/pkg. Those are missing for cross-builds,
unsurprisingly, as those built archives end up in the build cache.
After this change, we properly support importing std-vendored packages,
so we can get rid of the importer.Default workaround. And, by extension,
cross-builds now work as well.
Note that, in the added test script, the full build of the binary fails,
as there seems to be some sort of linker problem:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
d9rqJyxo.uoqIiDs5: relocation target runtime.os9A16A3 not defined
We leave that as a TODO for now, as this change is subtle enough as it
is.
In the worst case scenario, when GOPRIVATE isn't set at all, we would
run these three commands:
* "go env GOPRIVATE", to fetch GOPRIVATE itself
* "go list -m", for GOPRIVATE's fallback
* "go version", to check the version of Go being used
Now that we support Go 1.16 and later, all these three can be obtained
via "go env -json":
$ go env -json GOPRIVATE GOMOD GOVERSION
{
"GOMOD": "/home/mvdan/src/garble/go.mod",
"GOPRIVATE": "",
"GOVERSION": "go1.16.3"
}
Note that we don't get the module path directly, but we can use the
x/mod/modfile Go API to parse it from the GOMOD file cheaply.
Notably, this also simplifies our Go version checking logic, as now we
get just the version string without the "go version" prefix and
"GOOS/GOARCH" suffix we don't care about.
This makes our code a bit more maintainable and robust. When running a
short incremental build, we can also see a small speed-up, as saving two
"go" invocations can save a few milliseconds:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build/Cache-8 168ms ± 0% 166ms ± 1% -1.26% (p=0.009 n=6+6)
name old bin-B new bin-B delta
Build/Cache-8 6.36M ± 0% 6.36M ± 0% +0.12% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build/Cache-8 222ms ± 2% 219ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.589 n=6+6)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build/Cache-8 857ms ± 1% 846ms ± 1% -1.31% (p=0.041 n=6+6)
In ce2c45440a, we simplified the code a bit and removed one call to
obfuscatedTypesPackage.
Unfortunately, we introduced a regression; if an exported function is
linknamed to another symbol name, and it's called from an importer
package, we would have a build failure now:
> garble build
[stderr]
# test/main
ZiOACuw7.go:1: undefined: ODC0xN52.BaDqbhkj
This is because the imported package would not hash the original name,
via its ignoreObjects logic. And, since the importer package has no
access to that knowledge, it would hash the same name, and fail to find
it in the final build.
The regression happened because we used to have a types.Scope Lookup
that saved us in this scenario. Add the test, and re-add the Lookup,
this time only for this particular scenario with function names.
Thanks to Andrew LeFevre for reporting and describing the test case.
While at it, replace more uses of "garbled" to "obfuscated".
Since it changes rapidly, especially during merge cycles, and we don't
want CI to surprisingly blow up in our faces from one day to another.
Pin this to a commit from yesterday which works, since some changes
merged today moved where the Go build version is recorded and broke
garble.
While at it, replace "git clone" with a wget of a source archive. This
is much, much faster, mainly because a tarball is significantly smaller.
We now download about 20MiB instead of over 350MiB.
One downside is that, without git, make.bash can't construct a devel
version on its own. For that reason, add a pretty basic manual version
via the VERSION file.
This means that we must not reject custom devel version strings. This is
a good thing anyway, because custom devel strings are already common
when building Go in custom ways. Those people tend to be advanced users,
such as CI, so fall back to assuming they know what they are doing and
don't error.
Plus, starting last week, devel versions in Go master now contain the
major Go version like in build tags, such as "go1.17-commit...", so we
will soon start relying on that instead of parsing dates:
$ go version
go version devel go1.17-a7e16abb22 Thu Apr 8 07:33:58 2021 +0000 linux/amd64
Just two minor tweaks were necessary to get "go test" to pass on:
go version devel go1.17-a25c584629 Tue Apr 6 04:48:09 2021 +0000 linux/amd64
Re-enable the CI for it, too. The config needed changing since the
set-env and add-path commands now use special files instead, due to some
security issues uncovered last winter.
It's possible that CI on master could suddenly break, if Go master
changes in some substantial way that requires more tweaks. If that turns
out to be an issue pretty often, we could always pin a specific git repo
commit and update it every few weeks.
This is easier to understand, since now the modification of the
*ast.File is all within a single chunk of code. We can also simplify
literals.Obfuscate to work on a single file, as transformGo runs in a
loop.
We also remove the "use receiver" TODOs, since the code is now in a
different package and it can't declare methods on a type here.
Walking the entire Go file again seems unnecessary, when we have an
astutil.Apply just next to it.
We could add to its "pre" function, but it's a bit easier to use the
"post" instead, which is empty.
Another advantage here is that astutil.Apply is more powerful than
ast.Inspect, which can come in handy in the future.
Fix up a few TODOs, and simplify the way we handle comments.
We now add whitespace around inline /*line*/ directives, to ensure we
don't break programs. A test case is added too.
We now add line directives to call sites, not function declarations,
since those are what actually shows up in stack traces.
It's unclear if we care about any other lines inside functions at all.
This also fixes reversing with -literals, since that feature adds a
significant amount of code which shuffles line numbers around.
Finally, we extend the tests with types, methods, and anonymous
functions, and we make all of them work well.
Updates #5.
obfuscatedTypesPackage is now only useful for one scenario: a type which
is used with reflection in a dependency, so neither its name nor any of
its potential struct field names are obfuscated.
This is because we can only detect the use of reflection with go/ast,
which we don't have for dependencies.
As such, we only need obfuscatedTypesPackage in two places - when
considering to obfuscate a field or a type name.
There were two other calls to the function, which we remove.
The first was used for linkname directives. Those directives only work
for variables and functions, neither of which is affected by the
reflection detection.
The second was used for all identifiers, at the very end of the
transformGo inner func. It's entirely unnecessary right now, as it never
triggers anymore. It's possible it was necessary some time ago when we
still didn't obfuscate assembly functions.
While at it, improve some comments and add a few TODOs for edge cases
which do not have code coverage.
We had two nearly identical copies of the code to open a temp file with
CreateTemp, write to it, and handle closing properly. Unify them.
With the added docs this isn't exactly a net win, but we want the long
funcs such as transformCompile to be easy to follow, and this helps.
Mainly comments. "garble" refers to the tool, but the verb and adjective
is more intuitive as "obfuscate" and "obfuscated" instead of "garble"
and "garbled".
First, rename line_obfuscator.go to position.go. We obfuscate filenames,
not just line numbers, and "obfuscator" is a bit redundant.
Second, use "/*line :x*/" comments rather than the "//line :x" form, as
the former allows us to insert them in any position without adding
unnecessary newlines. This will be important for changing the position
of call sites, which will be important for "garble reverse".
Third, do not rely on go/ast to remove and add comments. Since they are
free-floating, we can very easily end up with misplaced comments,
especially as the literal obfuscator heavily modifies the AST.
The new method prints and re-parses the file, to ensure all node
positions are consistent with a buffer, buf1. Then, we copy the contents
into a new buffer, buf2, while inserting the comments that we need.
The new method also modifies line numbers at the very end of obfuscating
a Go file, instead of at the very beginning. That's going to be more
robust long-term, as we will also obfuscate line numbers for any
additions or modifications to the AST.
Fourth, detachedDirectives is unnecessary, as we can accomplish the same
with two simple prefix matches.
Finally, this means we can stop using detachedComments entirely, as
printFile already inserts the comments we need.
For #5.
Position information was obfuscated with math/rand manually, which meant
that the resulting positions were pretty small like "x.go:34", but they
were also very hard to reverse due to their short length and difficulty
to reproduce.
We now hash them with hashWith and the package's GarbleActionID:
"main.go:203" hashed with 933ad1c700755b7c3a9913c55cade1 to "mwu1xuNz.go"
The input to the hash is the base filename and the byte offset of the
declaration within the file, meaning that it's unique within a package.
The output filename is long enough to allow easy reversal.
The line number is always 1, since the information needed for reversing
is contained entirely within the filename. It doesn't really matter if
we encode data in the filename or line number, but it's easier for us to
use a string.
For #5.
Explain why we print the random seed on failure, and why we accept
base64 padding when we don't use it.
While at it, the flagOptions.Random field is unused, so remove it. It
also seems wrong for it to exist; the random value is only for the seed
flag, which already has a field of its own.
We were still printing files into a buffer, which got left behind from
when we used to store the obfuscated source in object files.
All that code is gone, so this buffer is now just wasting CPU cycles and
memory.
obfuscatedTypesPackage can't be outright removed, since we still do
require knowledge of what was obfuscated for one reason: types used with
reflection. Since we can only figure that out with go/ast and not just
go/types, we rely on the original compilation to tell us that
information.
IgnoreFuncBodies=true for typechecking the original source code would be
nice, as we would save time, but ultimately it doesn't work. When we
rename top-level declarations such as functions and types, we also need
to amend their references in func bodies. We depend on type information
for that.
Finally, we've been randomizing filenames for a while now. Randomizing
the order of the files doesn't seem to be useful.
Historically, it was impossible to rename those funcs as the
implementation was in assembly files, and we only transformed Go code.
Now that transformAsm exists, it's only about fifty lines to do some
very basic parsing and rewriting of assembly files.
This fixes the obfuscated builds of multiple std packages, including a
few dependencies of net/http, since they included assembly funcs which
called pure Go functions. Those pure Go functions had their names
obfuscated, breaking the call sites in assembly.
Fixes#258.
Fixes#261.
We no longer cache the obfuscated source code for -debugdir, so
obfSrcArchive is entirely useless at this point. We likely didn't notice
because the Go compiler doesn't realise it's unused.
symAbis is also unnecessary. It used to be necessary as we could only
collect the action ID from transformCompile in the second asm
invocation. Since we no longer need the temporary file dance with
transformCompile, we can simplify that code too.
With the many refactors building up to v0.1.0, we broke "garble test" as
we no longer dealt with test packages well.
Luckily, now that we can depend on TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH, we can support
the test command again, as we can always figure out what package we're
currently compiling, without having to track a "main" package.
Note that one major pitfall there is test packages, where
TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH does not agree with ImportPath from "go list -json".
However, we can still work around that with a bit of glue code, which is
also copiously documented.
The second change necessary is to consider test packages private
depending on whether their non-test package is private or not. This can
be done via the ForTest field in "go list -json".
The third change is to obfuscate "_testmain.go" files, which are the
code-generated main functions which actually run tests. We used to not
need to obfuscate them, since test function names are never obfuscated
and we used to not obfuscate import paths at compilation time. Now we do
rewrite import paths, so we must do that for "_testmain.go" too.
The fourth change is to re-enable test.txt, and expand it with more
sanity checks and edge cases.
Finally, document "garble test" again.
Fixes#241.
Now that we've dropped support for Go 1.15.x, we can finally rely on
this environment variable for toolexec calls, present in Go 1.16.
Before, we had hacky ways of trying to figure out the current package's
import path, mostly from the -p flag. The biggest rough edge there was
that, for main packages, that was simply the package name, and not its
full import path.
To work around that, we had a restriction on a single main package, so
we could work around that issue. That restriction is now gone.
The new code is simpler, especially because we can set curPkg in a
single place for all toolexec transform funcs.
Since we can always rely on curPkg not being nil now, we can also start
reusing listedPackage.Private and avoid the majority of repeated calls
to isPrivate. The function is cheap, but still not free.
isPrivate itself can also get simpler. We no longer have to worry about
the "main" edge case. Plus, the sanity check for invalid package paths
is now unnecessary; we only got malformed paths from goobj2, and we now
require exact matches with the ImportPath field from "go list -json".
Another effect of clearing up the "main" edge case is that -debugdir now
uses the right directory for main packages. We also start using
consistent debugdir paths in the tests, for the sake of being easier to
read and maintain.
Finally, note that commandReverse did not need the extra call to "go
list -toolexec", as the "shared" call stored in the cache is enough. We
still call toolexecCmd to get said cache, which should probably be
simplified in a future PR.
While at it, replace the use of the "-std" compiler flag with the
Standard field from "go list -json".
This mainly cleans up the few bits of code where we explicitly kept
support for Go 1.15.x. With v0.1.0 released, we can drop support now,
since the next v0.2.0 release will only support Go 1.16.x.
Also updates all modules, including test ones, to 'go 1.16'.
Note that the TOOLEXEC_IMPORTPATH refactor is not done here, despite all
the TODOs about doing so when we drop 1.15 support. This is because that
refactor needs to be done carefully and might have side effects, so it's
best to keep it to a separate commit.
Finally, update the deps.
First, write a changelog file. We will use GitHub releases, but the
content in those is not stored in git nor is it portable or machine
readable. The canonical place for the changelog is here.
Second, disable 'garble test', as it is entirely broken. Issue #241
tracks fixing and re-enabling it, which will most likely happen for the
next release.
Third, disable the undocumented 'garble list'. This was added as part of
'garble reverse', but it never got used. I can't think of any reason why
any end user would prefer it over 'go list', either.
'garble reverse' remains enabled, but undocumented as it isn't fully
functional yet. Until it supports position information, it's not
particularly useful to end users. But it's not broken either, so it can
remain where it is.
Fourth, update the '-tiny' size reduction numbers in the README. Since
we removed the in-place modification of object files, we are no longer
able to do such an aggressive stripping of info. Garble itself drops in
size by 2%, so replace the old 6-10% estimate by 2-5%. We probably will
gain some of this back in the near future.
Finally, fix the indentation formatting of the README to consistently
use tabs.
First, we had some link errors such as:
cannot find package J6OzO8GN (using -importcfg)
This was caused by the code that writes an updated importcfg, which did
not handle import maps well. That code is now fixed, and we also add an
obfuscatedImportPath method for clarity.
Once fixed, we ran into other link errors:
Pw3g97ww.addVW: relocation target Pw3g97ww.addVWlarge not defined
After some digging, the cause of those is assembly code that we do not
yet support obfuscating. #261 tracks that.
Meanwhile, to fix "GOPRIVATE=* garble build" and to be able to have a
test for the original import path bug, we add the packages which use
that form of assembly code to runtimeRelated - math/big and
crypto/sha512. There might be more, but these were the ones found by
trying to link crypto/tls, a fairly common dependency.
Fixes#256.
We use it to get the content ID of garble's binary, which is used for
both the garble action IDs, as well as 'go tool compile -V=full'.
Since those two happen in separate processes, both used to call 'go tool
buildid' separately. Store it in the gob cache the first time, and reuse
it the second time.
Since each call to cmd/go costs about 10ms (new process, running its
many init funcs, etc), this results in a nice speed-up for our small
benchmark. Most builds will take many seconds though, so note that a
~15ms speedup there will likely not be noticeable.
While at it, simplify the buildInfo global, as now it just contains a
map representation of the -importcfg contents. It now has better names,
docs, and a simpler representation.
We also stop using the term "garbled import", as it was a bit confusing.
"obfuscated types.Package" is a much better description.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build-8 106ms ± 1% 92ms ± 0% -14.07% (p=0.010 n=6+4)
name old bin-B new bin-B delta
Build-8 6.60M ± 0% 6.60M ± 0% -0.01% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build-8 208ms ± 5% 149ms ± 3% -28.27% (p=0.004 n=6+5)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build-8 433ms ± 3% 384ms ± 3% -11.35% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
When we obfuscate a name, what we do is hash the name with the action ID
of the package that contains the name. To ensure that the hash changes
if the garble tool changes, we used the action ID of the obfuscated
build, which is different than the original action ID, as we include
garble's own content ID in "go tool compile -V=full" via -toolexec.
Let's call that the "obfuscated action ID". Remember that a content ID
is roughly the hash of a binary or object file, and an action ID
contains the hash of a package's source code plus the content IDs of its
dependencies.
This had the advantage that it did what we wanted. However, it had one
massive drawback: when we compile a package, we only have the obfuscated
action IDs of its dependencies. This is because one can't have the
content ID of dependent packages before they are built.
Usually, this is not a problem, because hashing a foreign name means it
comes from a dependency, where we already have the obfuscated action ID.
However, that's not always the case.
First, go:linkname directives can point to any symbol that ends up in
the binary, even if the package is not a dependency. So garble could
only support linkname targets belonging to dependencies. This is at the
root of why we could not obfuscate the runtime; it contains linkname
directives targeting the net package, for example, which depends on runtime.
Second, some other places did not have an easy access to obfuscated
action IDs, like transformAsm, which had to recover it from a temporary
file stored by transformCompile.
Plus, this was all pretty expensive, as each toolexec sub-process had to
make repeated calls to buildidOf with the object files of dependencies.
We even had to use extra calls to "go list" in the case of indirect
dependencies, as their export files do not appear in importcfg files.
All in all, the old method was complex and expensive. A better mechanism
is to use the original action IDs directly, as listed by "go list"
without garble in the picture.
This would mean that the hashing does not change if garble changes,
meaning weaker obfuscation. To regain that property, we define the
"garble action ID", which is just the original action ID hashed together
with garble's own content ID.
This is practically the same as the obfuscated build ID we used before,
but since it doesn't go through "go tool compile -V=full" and the
obfuscated build itself, we can work out *all* the garble action IDs
upfront, before the obfuscated build even starts.
This fixes all of our problems. Now we know all garble build IDs
upfront, so a bunch of hacks can be entirely removed. Plus, since we
know them upfront, we can also cache them and avoid repeated calls to
"go tool buildid".
While at it, make use of the new BuildID field in Go 1.16's "list -json
-export". This avoids the vast majority of "go tool buildid" calls, as
the only ones that remain are 2 on the garble binary itself.
The numbers for Go 1.16 look very good:
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build-8 146ms ± 4% 101ms ± 1% -31.01% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old bin-B new bin-B delta
Build-8 6.61M ± 0% 6.60M ± 0% -0.09% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build-8 321ms ± 7% 202ms ± 6% -37.11% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build-8 538ms ± 4% 414ms ± 4% -23.12% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
This was pretty much just fixing the README and closing the issue. The
only other noteworthy user-facing change is that, if the Go version is
detected to be too old, we now suggest 1.16.x instead of 1.15.x.
While at it, refactor goversion.txt a bit. I wanted it to print a
clearer "mocking the go build" error if another command was used like
"go build", but I didn't want to learn BAT. So, instead use a simple Go
program and build it, which will work on all platforms. The added
"go build" step barely takes 100ms on my machine, given how simple the
program is.
The [short] line also doesn't seem necessary to me. The entire script
runs in under 200ms for me, so it's well within the realm of "short", at
least compared to many of the other test scripts.
Fixes#124.
The asm tool runs twice for a package with assembly. The second time it
does, the path given to the -p flag matters, just like in the compiler,
as we generate an object file.
We don't have a -buildid flag in the asm tool, so obtaining the action
ID to obfuscate the package path with is a bit tricky. We store it from
transformCompile, and read it from transformAsm. See the detailed docs
for more.
This was the last "skip" line in the tests due to Go 1.16. After all PRs
are merged, one last PR documenting that 1.16 is supported will be sent,
closing the issue for good.
It's unclear why this wasn't an issue in Go 1.15. My best guess is that
the ABI changes only happened in Go 1.16, and this causes exported asm
funcs to start showing up in object files with their package paths.
Updates #124.
With a few extra lines, we can keep Go 1.15 support in the table too.
Re-enables the goprivate.txt test for Go 1.16.
While at it, make the script's use of grep a bit simpler with -E, which
also uses the same syntax as Go's regexp. Its skip logic was also buggy,
resulting in the macos results always being empty.
Updates #124.
The TODO I left there didn't take long to surface as a bug. If the
package path ends with a word containing a hyphen, that's not a valid
identifier, so we end up with invalid Go syntax.
Add that test case, as well as one where an import was already named.
To fix the issue, we just need to use the package name we got from
'go list -json'.
Fixes#243.
We used to rely on a parallel implementation of an object file parser
and writer to be able to obfuscate import paths. After compiling each
package, we would parse the object file, replace the import paths, and
write the updated object file in-place.
That worked well, in most cases. Unfortunately, it had some flaws:
* Complexity. Even when most of the code is maintained in a separate
module, the import_obfuscation.go file was still close to a thousand
lines of code.
* Go compatibility. The object file format changes between Go releases,
so we were supporting Go 1.15, but not 1.16. Fixing the object file
package to work with 1.16 would probably break 1.15 support.
* Bugs. For example, we recently had to add a workaround for #224, since
import paths containing dots after the domain would end up escaped.
Another example is #190, which seems to be caused by the object file
parser or writer corrupting the compiled code and causing segfaults in
some rare edge cases.
Instead, let's drop that method entirely, and force the compiler and
linker to do the work for us. The steps necessary when compiling a
package to obfuscate are:
1) Replace its "package foo" lines with the obfuscated package path. No
need to separate the package path and name, since the obfuscated path
does not contain slashes.
2) Replace the "-p pkg/foo" flag with the obfuscated path.
3) Replace the "import" spec lines with the obfuscated package paths,
for those dependencies which were obfuscated.
4) Replace the "-importcfg [...]" file with a version that uses the
obfuscated paths instead.
The linker also needs that last step, since it also uses an importcfg
file to find object files.
There are three noteworthy drawbacks to this new method:
1) Since we no longer write object files, we can't use them to store
data to be cached. As such, the -debugdir flag goes back to using the
"-a" build flag to always rebuild all packages. On the plus side,
that caching didn't work very well; see #176.
2) The package name "main" remains in all declarations under it, not
just "func main", since we can only rename entire packages. This
seems fine, as it gives little information to the end user.
3) The -tiny mode no longer sets all lines to 0, since it did that by
modifying object files. As a temporary measure, we instead set all
top-level declarations to be on line 1. A TODO is added to hopefully
improve this again in the near future.
The upside is that we get rid of all the issues mentioned before. Plus,
garble now nearly works with Go 1.16, with the exception of two very
minor bugs that look fixable. A follow-up PR will take care of that and
start testing on 1.16.
Fixes#176.
Fixes#190.
First, remove the shuffling of the declarations list within each file.
This is what we used at the very start to shuffle positions. Ever since
we started obfuscating positions via //line comments, that has been
entirely unnecessary.
Second, add a proper test that will fail if we don't obfuscate line
numbers well enough. Filenames were already decently covered by other
tests.
Third, simplify the line obfuscation code. It does not require
astutil.Apply, and ranging over file.Decls is easier.
Finally, also obfuscate the position of top-level vars, since we only
used to do it for top-level funcs. Without that fix, the test would fail
as varLines was unexpectedly sorted.
There was one bug keeping the command below from working:
GOPRIVATE='*' garble build std
The bug is rather obscure; I'm still working on a minimal reproducer
that I can submit upstream, and I'm not yet convinced about where the
bug lives and how it can be fixed.
In short, the command would fail with:
typecheck error: /go/src/crypto/ecdsa/ecdsa.go:122:12: cannot use asn1.SEQUENCE (constant 48 of type asn1.Tag) as asn1.Tag value in argument to b.AddASN1
Note that the error is ambiguous; there are two asn1 packages, but they
are actually mismatching. We can see that by manually adding debug
prints to go/types:
constant: asn1.SEQUENCE (constant 48 of type golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte/asn1.Tag)
argument type: vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte/asn1.Tag
It's clear that, for some reason, go/types ends up confused and loading
a vendored and non-vendored version of asn1. There also seems to be no
way to work around this with our lookup function, as it just receives an
import path as a parameter, and returns an object file reader.
For now, work around the issue by *not* using a custom lookup function
in this rare edge case involving vendored dependencies in std packages.
The added code has a lengthy comment explaining the reasoning.
I still intend to investigate this further, but there's no reason to
keep garble failing if we can work around the bug.
Fixes#223.
The added test case used to crash garble:
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference [recovered]
panic: runtime error: invalid memory address or nil pointer dereference
[signal SIGSEGV: segmentation violation code=0x1 addr=0x8 pc=0x8fe71b]
goroutine 1 [running]:
golang.org/x/tools/go/ast/astutil.Apply.func1(0xc0001e8880, 0xc000221570)
/go/pkg/mod/golang.org/x/tools@v0.0.0-20210115202250-e0d201561e39/go/ast/astutil/rewrite.go:47 +0x97
panic(0x975bc0, 0xd6c610)
/sdk/go1.15.8/src/runtime/panic.go:969 +0x1b9
go/types.(*Named).Obj(...)
/sdk/go1.15.8/src/go/types/type.go:473
mvdan.cc/garble.isTestSignature(0xc0001e7080, 0xa02e84)
/src/garble/main.go:1170 +0x7b
mvdan.cc/garble.(*transformer).transformGo.func2(0xc000122df0, 0xaac301)
/src/garble/main.go:1028 +0xff1
We were assuming that the first parameter was a named type, but that
might not be the case.
This crash was found out in the wild, from which a minimal repro was
written. We add two variants of it to the test data, just in case.
First, make isPrivate panic on malformed import paths, since that should
never happen. This catches the errors that some users had run into with
packages like gopkg.in/yaml.v2 and github.com/satori/go.uuid:
panic: malformed import path "gopkg.in/garbletest%2ev2": invalid char '%'
This seems to trigger when a module path contains a dot after the first
element, *and* that module is fetched via the proxy. This results in the
toolchain URL-encoding the second dot, and garble ends up seeing that
encoded path.
We reproduce this behavior with a fake gopkg.in module added to the test
module proxy. Using yaml.v2 directly would have been easier, but it's
pretty large. Note that we tried a replace directive, but that does not
trigger the URL-encoding bug.
Also note that we do not obfuscate the gopkg.in package; that's fine, as
the isPrivate path validity check catches the bug either way.
For now, make initImport use url.PathUnescape to work around this issue.
The underlying bug is likely in either the goobj2 fork, or in the
upstream Go toolchain itself.
hashImport also gives a better error if it cannot find a package now,
rather than just an "empty seed" panic.
Finally, the sanity check in isPrivate unearthed the fact that we do not
support garbling test packages at all, since they were invalid paths
which never matched GOPRIVATE. Add an explicit check and TODO about
that.
Fixes#224.
Fixes#228.
In 90fa325da7, the obfuscation logic was changed to use hashes for
exported names, but incremental names starting at just one letter for
unexported names. Presumably, this was done for the sake of binary size.
I argue that this is not a good idea for the default mode for a number
of reasons:
1) It makes reversing of stack traces nearly impossible for unexported
names, since replacing an obfuscated name "c" with "originalName"
would trigger too many false positives by matching single characters.
2) Exported and unexported names aren't different. We need to know how
names were obfuscated at a later time in both cases, thanks to use
cases like -ldflags=-X. Using short names for one but not the other
doesn't make a lot of sense, and makes the logic inconsistent.
3) Shaving off three bytes for unexported names doesn't seem like a huge
deal for the default mode, when we already have -tiny to optimize for
size.
This saves us a bit of work, but most importantly, simplifies the
obfuscation state as we no longer need to carry privateNameMap between
the compile and link stages.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build-8 153ms ± 2% 150ms ± 2% ~ (p=0.065 n=6+6)
name old bin-B new bin-B delta
Build-8 7.09M ± 0% 7.08M ± 0% -0.24% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build-8 296ms ± 5% 277ms ± 6% -6.50% (p=0.026 n=6+6)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build-8 562ms ± 1% 558ms ± 3% ~ (p=0.329 n=5+6)
Note that I do not oppose using short names for both exported and
unexported names in the future for -tiny, since reversing of stack
traces will by design not work there. The code can be resurrected from
the git history if we want to improve -tiny that way in the future, as
we'd need to store state in header files again.
Another major cleanup we can do here is to no longer use the
garbledImports map. From a look at obfuscateImports, we hash a package's
import path with its action ID, much like exported names, so we can
simply re-do that hashing for the linker's -X flag.
garbledImports does have some logic to handle duplicate package names,
but it's worth noting that should not affect package paths, as they are
always unique. That area of code could probably do with some
simplification in the future, too.
While at it, make hashWith panic if either parameter is empty.
obfuscateImports was hashing the main package path without a salt due to
a bug, so we want to catch those in the future.
Finally, make some tiny spacing and typo tweaks to the README.
For now, this only implements reversing of exported names which are
hashed with action IDs. Many other kinds of obfuscation, like positions
and private names, are not yet implemented.
Note that we don't document this new command yet on purpose, since it's
not finished.
Some other minor cleanups were done for future changes, such as making
transformLineInfo into a method that also receives the original
filename, and making header names more self-describing.
Updates #5.
Each compile and link sub-process created its own temporary directory,
to be cleaned up shortly after. Moreover, we also had the global
gob-encoded temporary file.
Instead, place all of those under a single, start-to-end temporary
directory. This is cleaner for the end user, and easier to maintain for
us.
A big plus is that we can also get rid of the confusing deferred global,
as it was mostly used to clean up these extra temp dirs. The only
remaining use was post-compile code, which is now an explicit func
returned by each "transform" func.
While at it, clean up the math/rand seeding code a bit and add a debug
log line, and stop shadowing a cmd string with a cmd *exec.Cmd.
Fixes#147.
Mimicking "go version", this tells the user garble's own version.
The code is exactly the same that is used for another tool written in
Go, shfmt. It uses runtime/debug to fetch the module version embedded in
binaries built by Go. For example:
$ go get mvdan.cc/sh/v3/cmd/shfmt@latest
$ shfmt -version
v3.2.2
$ go get mvdan.cc/sh/v3/cmd/shfmt@master
$ shfmt -version
v3.3.0-0.dev.0.20210203135509-56c9918c980d
Note that this will not work for a plain "go build" or "go install"
after a "git clone", since in that case the Go tool can't know garble's
own version via go.mod - since it's the current main module:
$ go build
$ ./garble version
(devel)
For the use case of the power user building from source directly, they
are probably clever enough to tell us what git commit they are on, so
this is not a big problem right now. It will also get better once
golang/go#37475 is fixed in the future.
Until then, if we need to do "release" builds locally, we can embed an
explicit version into the binary via ldflags:
$ go build -ldflags=-X=main.version=v1.2.3
$ ./garble version
v1.2.3
Fixes#217.
The three transformer map fields are now very well documented, which was
badly needed for anyone trying to understand the source code.
ignoreObjects is also a better field name than blacklist, as it says
what the map is indexed by (types.Object) and what we do with those:
ignore them when we obfuscate code.
The rewriting of go:linkname directives is moved to a separate func, so
that we can name that func from the docs.
Finally, the docs are overall improved a bit, as I was re-tracing all
the pieces of code that used the ambiguous "blacklist" terminology.
Fixes#169.
The point of main1 returning an int is that testscript can run code
afterwards, such as to collect coverage information when running with
-coverprofile.
We were using plain os.Exit in a couple of places: when help was
requested, and when the Go version could not be fetched.
In those cases, return an error to main1, and let it do the right thing.
For #35.
main.go includes a lengthy comment that documents this edge case, why it
happened, and how we are fixing it. To summarize, we should no longer
error with a build error in those cases. Read the comment for details.
A few other minor changes were done to allow writing this patch.
First, the actionID and contentID funcs were renamed, since they started
to collide with variable names.
Second, the logging has been improved a bit, which allowed me to debug
the issue.
Third, the "cache" global shared by all garble sub-processes now
includes the necessary parameters to run "go list -toolexec", including
the path to garble and the build flags being used.
Thanks to lu4p for writing a test case, which also applied gofmt to that
testdata Go file.
Fixes#180.
Closes#181, since it includes its test case.
If code includes a linkname directive pointing at a name in an imported
package, like:
//go:linkname localName importedpackage.RemoteName
func localName()
We should rewrite the comment to replace "RemoteName" with its
obfuscated counterpart, if the package in question was obfuscated and
that name was as well.
We already had some code to handle linkname directives, but only to
ensure that "localName" was never obfuscated. This behavior is kept, to
ensure that the directive applies to the right name. In the future, we
could instead rewrite "localName" in the directive, like we do with
"RemoteName".
Add plenty of tests, too. The linkname directive used to be tested in
imports.txt and syntax.txt, but that was hard to maintain as each file
tested different edge cases.
Now that we have build caching, adding one extra testscript file isn't a
big problem anymoree. Add linkname.txt, which is self-explanatory. The
other two scripts also get a bit less complex.
Fixes#197.
First, we don't need the nameSpecialDirectives list as a separate thing.
cgo types aren't obfuscated anymore, so the only item in that list that
made a difference in the tests was go:linkname, which we'll overhaul
soon. For now, keep its code around.
Second, processDetachedDirectives can be replaced by just seven lines.
Third, we don't need to separate build tag directives from the rest of
the detached directives. Their relative order (with other comments) does
not matater.
Fourth and last, ranging over a nil slice is a no-op, so a nil check
around a slice range is unnecessary.
This is some prep work to make the patch to support go:linkname smaller
and easier to review.
Previously, we were never obfuscating runtime and its direct
dependencies. Unfortunately, due to linkname, the runtime package is
actually closely related to dozens of other std packages as well.
Until we can obfuscate the runtime and properly support go:linkname
directives, obfuscating fewer std packages is a better outcome than
breaking and not producing any obfuscated code at all.
The added test case is building runtime/pprof, which used to cause
failures:
# runtime/pprof
/go/src/runtime/pprof/label.go:27:21: undefined: context.Context
/go/src/runtime/pprof/label.go:59:21: undefined: context.Context
/go/src/runtime/pprof/label.go:93:16: undefined: context.Context
/go/src/runtime/pprof/label.go:101:20: undefined: context.Context
The net package was also very close to obfuscating properly thanks to
this change, so its test is now run as well. The only other remaining
fix was to not obfuscate fields on cgo types, since those aren't
obfuscated at the moment.
The map is pretty long, but it's only a temporary solution and the
command to obtain the list again is included. Never obfuscating the
entire std library is also an option, but it's a bit unnecessary.
Fixes#134.
Previously garble heavily used env vars to share data between processes.
This also makes it easy to share complex data between processes.
The complexity of main.go is considerably reduced.
The previous globals worked, but were unnecessarily complex. For
example, we passed the fromPath variable around, but it's really a
static global, since we only compile or link a single package in each Go
process. Use such global variables instead of passing them around, which
currently include the package's import path, its build ID, and its
import config path.
Also split all the hashing and build ID code into hash.go, since that's
a relatively well contained 200 lines of code that doesn't need to make
main.go any bigger. We also split the code to alter Go's own version to
a separate function, so that it can be moved out of main.go as well.
* Use latest Binject/debug version to support importmap directives in the importcfg file
* Uncomment line in goprivate testscript to test ImportMap
* Fixed issue where a package in specified in importmap would be hashed differently in a package that imported it, due to the mapping of import paths.
Also commented out the 'net' import in the goprivate testscript (again) due to cgo compile errors
We also update the "original types importer" to support ImportMap.
The test now gets further along, no longer getting stuck on "path not
found in listed packages". Instead, we get stuck on:
error parsing importcfg: <...>/importcfg:2: unknown directive "importmap"
This bug has been filed at https://github.com/Binject/debug/issues/17.
Until it's fixed, we can't really proceed on #146, so the net import in
the test file (which triggers this case) is commented out for now.
Updates #146.
That is, a package that is built without obfuscation imports an
obfuscated package. This will result in confusing compilation error
messages, because the importer can't find the exported names from the
imported package by their non-obfuscated names:
> ! garble build ./importer
[stderr]
# test/main/importer
importer/importer.go:5:9: undefined: imported.Name
exit status 2
Instead, detect this bad input case and provide a nice error:
public package "test/main/importer" can't depend on obfuscated package "test/main/imported" (matched via GOPRIVATE="test/main/imported")
For now, this is by design. It also makes little sense for a public
package to import an obfuscated package in general, because the public
package would have to leak details about the private package's API and
behavior.
While at it, fix a quirk where we thought the unsafe package could be
private. It can't be, because the runtime package is always public and
it imports the runtime package:
public package "internal/bytealg" can't depend on obfuscated package "unsafe" (matched via GOPRIVATE="*")
Instead of trying to obfuscate "unsafe" and doing nothing, simply add it
to the neverPrivate list, which is also a better name than
"privateBlacklist" (for #169).
Fixes#164.
Co-authored-by: lu4p <lu4p@pm.me>
Means that we no longer have to pass a dozen parameters around, mainly
to transformGo. We can also start documenting what each of the fields
actually does, and group them better.
While at it, pkgPath and pkgScope can both be replaced by a
*types.Package, since they're both accessible via trivially cheap
methods.
* fix bug where structs would get garbled in some packages but not in others
* only check if struct/field was not defined in current package
* fix a related bug when two objects share the same name in the same package and one is garbled but the other one is not
* renamed parameter for clarity
The test intended to use an extra module to be obfuscated, rsc.io/quote,
which we were bundling in the local proxy as well. Unfortunately, the
use of GOPRIVATE also meant that we did not actually fetch the module
from the proxy, and we would instead do a full roundtrip to the internet
to "git clone" the actual upstream repository.
To prevent that roundtrip, instead use a locally replaced module. This
fits the syntax.txt test too, since it's one more edge case that we want
to make sure works well with garble. Since rsc.io/quote is used in
another test, simply make up our own tiny module.
Reduces a 'go test -run Syntax/syntax' run with warm cache from ~5s to
~0.5s, thanks to removing the multiple roundtrips. A warm 'go test' run
still sits at ~6s, since we still need that much CPU time in total.
While at it, fix a staticcheck warning and fix inconsistent indentation
in a couple of tests.
As per the discussion in https://github.com/golang/go/issues/41145, it
turns out that we don't need special support for build caching in
-toolexec. We can simply modify the behavior of "[...]/compile -V=full"
and "[...]/link -V=full" so that they include garble's own version and
options in the printed build ID.
The part of the build ID that matters is the last, since it's the
"content ID" which is used to work out whether there is a need to redo
the action (build) or not. Since cmd/go parses the last word in the
output as "buildID=...", we simply add "+garble buildID=_/_/_/${hash}".
The slashes let us imitate a full binary build ID, but we assume that
the other components such as the action ID are not necessary, since the
only reader here is cmd/go and it only consumes the content ID.
The reported content ID includes the tool's original content ID,
garble's own content ID from the built binary, and the garble options
which modify how we obfuscate code. If any of the three changes, we
should use a different build cache key. GOPRIVATE also affects caching,
since a different GOPRIVATE value means that we might have to garble a
different set of packages.
Include tests, which mainly check that 'garble build -v' prints package
lines when we expect to always need to rebuild packages, and that it
prints nothing when we should be reusing the build cache even when the
built binary is missing.
After this change, 'go test' on Go 1.15.2 stabilizes at about 8s on my
machine, whereas it used to be at around 25s before.
What obfuscateImports did was valid, but unfortunately made the build
cache redo work. This is because we were modifying object files in-place
in the build cache, meaning that the Go tool would think it had to
re-compile those packages.
Instead, write the modified object files in a temporary directory, and
leave the input object files untouched. We require a bit of extra code
to keep track of this and adjust the link argument as well as its
importcfg file.
The function of obfuscateImports, as well as the reasoning above, is now
summarized in its godoc as well.
This should be the last change in preparation for proper build caching
support. Rebasing the build caching branch on this commit finally makes
caching work reliably every single time.
More correct comments transformation was implemented.
Added processing of //go:linkname localname [importpath.name] directive, now localname is not renamed. This is safe and does not cause a name disclosure because the functions marked //linkname do not have a name in the resulting binary.
Added cgo directives support
Fixed filename leak protection for cgo
Part of #149
Fix for bug when a conflict occurred between generated short names
and local variables/functions/types/structs.
The already existing names are collected and if the generated short name
already exists, the package counter is increased until a free name is found.
Part of #149.
The struct type for buildInfo doesn't need to be named. Plus, the
"packageInfo" name was actually pretty misleading, because buildInfo
contains data from many packages.
Add an importCfg field, so that we don't need to fetch the flag value
many times.
Simplify reading the importCfg file; we used to also write to it, but
that's no longer the case, so we can just use ioutil.ReadFile.
Finally, give the function that fills buildInfo a better name, a godoc,
and fix the origTypesConfig godoc.
We also add a TODO to reuse goobj.ParseImportCfg in the future.
We now store how we obfuscated unexported names in the object file
itself, not a separate file. This means that the data can survive in the
build cache, whereas the separate file was being lost. Luckily, we can
just add an extra header to the archive, and other programs like the Go
linker will just ignore it.
Give the func a name that tells what the return value means.
Add missing newlines to printfs, use consistent quoting, and replace
"%s" with %q.
Document the Go 1.15 date.
Finally, fix the imports via goimports.
Many files were missing copyright, so also add a short script to add the
missing lines with the current year, and run it.
The AUTHORS file is also self-explanatory. Contributors can add
themselves there, or we can simply update it from time to time via
git-shortlog.
Since we have two scripts now, set up a directory for them.
Rework the features section in the README, leaving optional features at
the end of the list. Simplify the caveats list, too; the build cache and
exported field/method bits only need one point each. Overall, the
section was far too wordy for little reason.
Also redo the help text a bit. There's now a line to briefly introduce
the tool, as well as a link to the README with all the details. Finally,
the flags have shorter and more consistent help strings.
While at it, remove two unused global vars as spotted by staticcheck.
Finally, finally this is done. This allows import paths to be obfuscated by modifying
object/archive files and garbling import paths contained within. The bulk of the
code that makes parsing and writing Go object/archive files possible lives at
https://github.com/Binject/debug/tree/master/goobj2, which I wrote as well.
I have tested by garbling and checking for import paths via strings and grep
(in order of difficulty) https://github.com/lu4p/binclude, garble itself, and
https://github.com/dominikh/go-tools/tree/master/cmd/staticcheck.
This only supports object/archive files produced from the Go 1.15 compiler.
The object file format changed at 1.15, and 1.14 and earlier is not supported.
Fixes#13.
Most notably, x/mod now includes the GOPRIVATE pattern-matching API we
were copying before, so we can use it directly.
Also bump the Go version requirement to 1.15, in preparation for the
import path obfuscation PR, and don't let the gotip job fail the entire
workflow.
Before this change, obfuscating any package using unsafe.Pointer and
with GOPRIVATE="*" would result in errors like:
undefined: unsafe.ZrMmYd1lg
This is because the type isn't plain Go; it's rather a special type that
gets special treatment from the typechecker and compiler:
type Pointer *ArbitraryType
So, trying to obfuscate the name "unsafe.Pointer" will never work,
because there isn't a real Go type definition we can obfuscate along
with that.
Updates, but does not yet fully fix, #108.
This is important, because it would mean that we would obfuscate
nothing. At best, it would be confusing; at worst, it could mislead
the user into thinking the binary is obfuscated.
Fixes#20.
Updates #108.
We need to call 'go env GOPRIVATE' instead of just using os.Getenv so
that we pick up the value from the new ${CONFIG}/go/env file, written by
'go env -w'.
However, we were calling 'go env' at every process start, including the
often tens or hundreds of compiler calls to build all the dependencies.
Instead, do that only once on the first 'garble build' process, and use
os.Setenv to pass that along to future garble sub-processes.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build-8 1.81s ± 0% 1.74s ± 4% -3.78% (p=0.030 n=5+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build-8 1.45s ± 2% 1.22s ± 1% -16.07% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build-8 10.9s ± 1% 10.6s ± 1% -2.82% (p=0.004 n=6+5)
Error strings should never be capitalized.
A binsubstr line in one of the tests was duplicate and thus useless.
Remove duplicate or trailing spaces in test scripts.
Finally, add a TODO for an optimization I just spotted.
Fixes #2.
Line numbers are now obfuscated, via `//line` comments.
Filenames are now obfuscated via `//line` comments, instead of changing the actual filename.
New flag `-tiny` to reduce the binary size, at the cost of reversibility.
Fixes#93.
The second typecheck lead to the creation of different type objects,
which didn't match the types in the blacklist anymore.
It turns out we don't need the second typecheck,
therfore it is now removed.
First, our original append line was completely ineffective; we never
used that "flags" slice again. Second, we only attempted to use the flag
when we obfuscated a package.
In fact, we never care about debugging information here, so for any
package we compile, we can add "-dwarf=false". At the moment, we compile
all packages, even if they aren't to be obfuscated, due to the lack of
access to the build cache.
As such, we save a significant amount of work. The numbers below were
obtained on a quiet machine with "go test -bench=. -benchtime=10x", six
times before and after the change.
name old time/op new time/op delta
Build-8 2.06s ± 4% 1.87s ± 2% -9.21% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
name old sys-time/op new sys-time/op delta
Build-8 1.51s ± 2% 1.46s ± 1% -3.12% (p=0.004 n=6+5)
name old user-time/op new user-time/op delta
Build-8 11.9s ± 2% 10.8s ± 1% -8.71% (p=0.002 n=6+6)
While at it, only do CI builds on pushes and PRs to the master branch,
so that my PRs created from the same repo don't trigger duplicate
builds.
If the flags list included ["-o" "binary"], we would properly skip "-o",
but we wouldn't skip "binary".
Thus, 'go list' would receive "binary" as the first argument, and assume
that's the first parameter and the end of the flags.
And add a unit test case.
Fixes#82, again.
Otherwise any build flags like -tags won't be used, and we might easily
end up with errors or incorrect packages.
The common case with -tags is covered by one of the integration test
scripts. On top of that, we add a table-driven unit test to cover all
edge cases, since there are many we can do quickly in a unit test.
Fixes#82.
We don't really care about tools other than "compile" and "link". Stop
trying to keep a complete list.
Use "if err := f(); err != nil {" where it makes sense.
Simplify some declarations, and use a better variable name than "fW".
Instead of doing a 'go list' call every time we need to fetch a
dependency's export file, we now do a single 'go list' call before the
build begins. With the '-deps' flag, it gives us all the dependency
packages recursively.
We store that data in the gob format in a temporary file, and share it
with the future garble sub-processes via an env var.
This required lazy parsing of flags for the 'build' and 'test' commands,
since now we need to run 'go list' with the same package pattern
arguments.
Fixes#63.
The following identifiers are now skipped,
because they never show up in the binary:
- constant identifiers
- identifiers of local variables
(includes function params and named returns)
- identifiers of local types
Implement a literal obfuscator interface,
to allow the easy addition of new encodings.
Add literal obfuscation for byte literals.
Choose a random obfuscator on literal obfuscation,
useful when multiple obfuscators are implemented.
Fixes#62
Injected functions were mistaken for functions implemented outside go.
Asm functions:
obj.Scope().Pos() == 0
obj.Scope().End() == 0
Injected functions:
obj.Scope().Pos() == 0
obj.Scope().End() == 1
We now check for the End instead of the Pos.
This requires a bit of extra magic to replace one constant in
runtime/internal/sys, but that was simple enough given that we can reuse
a lot of the code to parse the files and write them to a temporary dir.
We can also drop the -X flags, as runtime.buildVersion is based on the
constant that we replace here.
Fixes#44, again.
Generating DWARF in the compiler object files could take as much as 10%
extra CPU time, while we ignore it entirely at the link stage.
Speeds up 'go test -short' from ~19.5s to ~18.5s on my laptop.
Whilst it may not be particularly common, it is legal to embed fields
where the type has universe scope (e.g. int, error, etc). This can
cause a panic in 2 difference places:
- When embedding `error`, a named type is resolved but the package is
nil. The call to `pkg.Name()` results in a panic
- When embedding a basic type such as `int`, no named type is resolved
at all. The call to `namedType(obj.Type()).Obj()` results in a panic
I'm assuming it is OK to return early when a named type cannot be
resolved.. we could let it continue but I think `pkg` should be set to
nil to be correct, so it'd end up returning straight away anyway.
In the added test, the unexported field used to be garbled.
Reflection can only reach exported methods, exported fields, and
unexported fields. Exported methods and fields are currently never
garbled, so unexported fields was the only missing piece.
Avoiding a type switch for the entire node prevents an indentation
level.
We can obtain obj and pkg early, and return early as well if either is
uninteresting. That means less nil checks later on, which means even
less indentation and complexity.
Also remove the -toolexec equivalent, as it's becoming longer now that
we have GARBLE_DIR, and it might become out of date in the future again.
We don't want users to assume it will work forever.
Carefully select a default that will do the right thing when inside a
module, as well as when building ad-hoc packages.
This means we no longer need to look at the compiler's -std flag, which
is nice.
Also replace foo.com/ with test/, as per golang/go#37641.
Fixes#7.
Spotted while trying to link a program using unix.Syscall, since its
implementation is assembly.
Telling if a function couldn't be garbled isn't trivial. If that
function belongs to an imported package, we only load its export data
instead of type-checking from source, so we don't have all the
information needed.
Instead, use the gc export data importer to import two versions of each
dependency: its original version, for the initial type-checking, and its
garbled version, to check if any of its exported names weren't garbled.
Updates #9.
We use 'go list -json -export' to locate required modules. This works
fine to locate direct module dependencies; since we're building in the
current module, we run 'go list' in the correct directory.
However, if we're building one of those module dependencies, and it has
other module dependencies of its own, we would fail with cryptic errors
like:
typecheck error: [...] go list error: updates to go.sum needed, disabled by -mod=readonly
This is because we would try to run 'go list' outside of the main
module, probably inside the module cache. Instead, use a $GARBLE_DIR env
var from the top-level 'garble build' call to always run 'go list' in
the original directory.
We add a few small modules to properly test this.
Updates #9.
In the added test case, we'd see a failure, since we garbled the name of
the "Embedded" type but not its use as an anonymous field. Garble both.
This might possibly break some reflect code, but it doesn't seem like we
have an option. When we garble a type, it's impossible to tell if it's
going to be used as an anonymous field later.
Updates #9.
This is important, because "-std -foo" and "-buildid -foo" are entirely
different cases. The first is equivalent to "-std=true -foo" since the
flag is boolean, but the second is equivalent to "-buildid=-foo" since
the flag isn't boolean.
We can keep track of which of the flags we're interested in are boolean,
which isn't much extra work. Also add unit tests; the build ID is a
hash, so it's very hard to write an end-to-end test that reliably has an
ID starting with a dash.
'go tool compile' receives the package path via the -p flag. This is
better than making up one.
We have to be careful with "-p main" though, as that's not part of the
standard library.
lu4p
Daniel Martí
Andrew LeFevre
pagran
pagran
Zachary Wasserman
Nicholas Jones